Pericardial effusion occurs when fluid builds up in the pericardium, the double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. This abnormal fluid buildup can be caused by infections, trauma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and other conditions.
The Oreo cookie sign describes a distinct pattern seen on medical imaging. On chest X-rays or more detailed scans, like a computed tomography (CT) scan (which uses special X-ray technology), the fluid in the pericardium forms the "cream" layer in the middle, with the outer layers of the “cookie” made up of the pericardial and epicardial membranes. Echocardiography, which uses sound waves to create real-time images of the heart, can also reveal this pattern.
The Oreo cookie sign is an important clue for diagnosing pericardial effusion, which can be serious. If the fluid buildup is large enough, it can lead to cardiac tamponade, a condition where the heart is compressed and cannot pump blood properly. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.
Reference
Chiarenza A, Esposto Ultimo L, Falsaperla D, Travali M, Foti PV, Torrisi SE, Schisano M, Mauro LA, Sambataro G, Basile A, Vancheri C, Palmucci S. Chest imaging using signs, symbols, and naturalistic images: a practical guide for radiologists and non-radiologists. Insights Imaging. 2019;10(1):114. Go to reference
Oreo cookie sign, Oreo cookie
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